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Dream of the Red Chamber
''Dream of the Red Chamber'' (), also called ''The Story of the Stone'' (), composed by Cao Xueqin, is one of China's Four Great Classical Novels. It was written sometime in the middle of the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty. It is considered a masterpiece of Chinese literature and is generally acknowledged to be the pinnacle of Chinese fiction. "Redology" is the field of study devoted exclusively to this work.〔Jonathan Spence, ''The Search for Modern China'' (New York: Norton, 1990), 106–110.〕
The title has also been translated as ''Red Chamber Dream'' and ''A Dream of Red Mansions''. The novel circulated in manuscript copies with various titles until its print publication, in 1791. While the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin, Gao E, who prepared the first and second printed editions with his partner Cheng Weiyuan in 1791–2, added 40 additional chapters to complete the novel.〔David Hawkes, "Introduction," ''The Story of the Stone'' Volume I (Penguin Books, 1973), pp. 15–19.〕
''Red Chamber'' is believed to be semi-autobiographical, mirroring the rise and decline of author Cao Xueqin's own family and, by extension, of the Qing Dynasty.〔Jonathan D. Spence, ''Ts'ao Yin (Yin ) and the K'ang-Hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master'' (New Haven,: Yale University Press, 1966) is a study of Cao's grandfather.〕 As the author details in the first chapter, it is intended to be a memorial to the damsels he knew in his youth: friends, relatives and servants. The novel is remarkable not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope, but also for its precise and detailed observation of the life and social structures typical of 18th-century Chinese aristocracy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CliffsNotes, About the Novel: Introduction )〕
==Language==
The novel is composed in written vernacular (''baihua'') rather than Classical Chinese (''wenyan''). Cao Xueqin was well versed in Chinese poetry and in Classical Chinese, having written tracts in the semi-''wenyan'' style, while the novel's dialogue is written in the Beijing Mandarin dialect, which was to become the basis of modern spoken Chinese. In the early 20th century, lexicographers used the text to establish the vocabulary of the new standardized language and reformers used the novel to promote the written vernacular.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vale: David Hawkes, Liu Ts'un-yan, Alaistair Morrison )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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